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Walks of life
Walking is a complex, evolutionary experiment that began in prehistoric times. Fossils overcome what we think of evolution of human bipedalism showing that for most of human evolution multiple species with different ways of walking upright coexisted.
Long before our ancestors evolved large brains and language, they started doing something no mammal had done before: walking on two legs. Moving on two legs rather than four set the stage for subsequent evolutionary changes.
What is biology?
The word biology means "the study of life" and is derived from the Greek words bios meaning life and logos meaning study. It is defined as the science of life and living organisms.
Biology is a broad field, covering from the chemistry of our cells to the study of ecosystems and global climate change. Biologists study the interactions of life.
Antibiotics
The term antibiotic means ‘opposing life’ and refers to a large group of chemical substances produced by various microorganisms having the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms.
Antibiotics are used chiefly to treat infectious diseases. Nowadays there are dozens of antibiotics on the market and they are prescribed in very high numbers.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory technique in biotechnology used to make different copies of DNA from a single strand and produce millions to billions of copies of that specific segment of DNA, which can then be studied in greater detail.
The idea for PCR is attributed to Kary-Mullis, a research scientist in the1980s at a California biotechnology company. He was co-winner of 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
COVID-19 and Vaccines
Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by a virus discovered in December 2019 in China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world. It can attack our respiratory system and other parts of our body sometimes causing post-COVID conditions — or “long COVID”.
Vaccines teach our immune system to fight against this virus and they are considered safe and effective. They teach our immune system to fight the virus. COVID-19 is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. It belongs to the coronavirus family, which include common viruses.
Alternative energy
Alternative energy refers to energy sources other than fossil fuels and includes all renewable and nuclear energy sources.
Energy is the ability of a physical system to do work on other physical systems. Our primary energy supply consists of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gases used to heat homes, to produce electricity and to fuel our automobiles and means of transport.
Cell division: mitosis
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells that can divide again. This division is known as mitosis
All cells have a cycle that starts when they have been produced and ends when they divide to produce identical cells. Cell division is a small segment of the cell cycle. It is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells that can divide again. This division is called mitosis.
Darwin and natural selection
In 1859 Charles Darwin published the most important scientific book ever written, On the Origin of Species that revolutionized society’s understanding of the natural world. He argued that species had evolved through descent from a common ancestor with modification by means of natural selection.
On February 12th 2009 the world marked the bicentennial birthday of Charles Darwin, a scientist who holds a rightful place alongside Galileo, Copernicus, Newton and Einstein. His theory of evolution ties together disparate biological facts into a single unifying framework.
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the branch of science that studies matter, that is to say properties, composition and structure of substances and the changes they undergo when they combine or react under specified conditions.
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, anything we can touch or hold. Chemistry can be divided into fields, according to either the substances studied or the types of study conducted.
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